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As a junior and senior at Annandale High School in Virginia, Emily Sample spent her summers as a docent at the Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. She was a teenager who had just lost a friend to police violence, she said, and joining the museum’s Young Ambassadors Program resonated with her.

“I was fascinated and continue to be fascinated by this highly illogical idea of genocide,” said Sample, a PhD candidate at ������’s Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution.

A PhD candidate is named a “40 Under 40” Middle East scholar to watch. Jon Hoffman is 26. He can make the list for another 14 years.